{"id":28,"date":"2023-01-28T13:48:28","date_gmt":"2023-01-28T13:48:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/learnsysadmin.com\/?post_type=kbe_knowledgebase&#038;p=28"},"modified":"2023-12-06T13:00:16","modified_gmt":"2023-12-06T13:00:16","slug":"iscsi-internet-small-computer-systems-interface","status":"publish","type":"kbe_knowledgebase","link":"https:\/\/learnsysadmin.com\/index.php\/knowledgebase\/iscsi-internet-small-computer-systems-interface\/","title":{"rendered":"iSCSI &#8211; Internet Small Computer Systems Interface"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">This article will give you a brief overview of <strong>iSCSI &#8211; Internet Small Computer Systems Interface<\/strong> protocol, the <strong>way the protocol works<\/strong> and the most <strong>important components of<\/strong> the <strong>iSCSI<\/strong> protocol.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_71 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Summary of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/learnsysadmin.com\/index.php\/knowledgebase\/iscsi-internet-small-computer-systems-interface\/#What_is_iSCSI_%E2%80%93_Internet_Small_Computer_Systems_Interface\" title=\"What is iSCSI &#8211; Internet Small Computer Systems Interface?\">What is iSCSI &#8211; Internet Small Computer Systems Interface?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/learnsysadmin.com\/index.php\/knowledgebase\/iscsi-internet-small-computer-systems-interface\/#How_iSCSI_%E2%80%93_Internet_Small_Computer_Systems_Interface_works\" title=\"How iSCSI &#8211; Internet Small Computer Systems Interface works?\">How iSCSI &#8211; Internet Small Computer Systems Interface works?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/learnsysadmin.com\/index.php\/knowledgebase\/iscsi-internet-small-computer-systems-interface\/#iSCSI_%E2%80%93_Senders_Side\" title=\"iSCSI &#8211; Sender&#8217;s Side\">iSCSI &#8211; Sender&#8217;s Side<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/learnsysadmin.com\/index.php\/knowledgebase\/iscsi-internet-small-computer-systems-interface\/#iSCSI_%E2%80%93_Receivers_Side\" title=\"iSCSI &#8211; Receiver&#8217;s Side\">iSCSI &#8211; Receiver&#8217;s Side<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/learnsysadmin.com\/index.php\/knowledgebase\/iscsi-internet-small-computer-systems-interface\/#Port_Number_used_by_iSCSI\" title=\"Port Number used by iSCSI:\">Port Number used by iSCSI:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/learnsysadmin.com\/index.php\/knowledgebase\/iscsi-internet-small-computer-systems-interface\/#What_are_the_Components_of_iSCSI_%E2%80%93_Internet_Small_Computer_Systems_Interface\" title=\"What are the Components of iSCSI &#8211; Internet Small Computer Systems Interface?\">What are the Components of iSCSI &#8211; Internet Small Computer Systems Interface?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/learnsysadmin.com\/index.php\/knowledgebase\/iscsi-internet-small-computer-systems-interface\/#IP_Network\" title=\"IP Network\">IP Network<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/learnsysadmin.com\/index.php\/knowledgebase\/iscsi-internet-small-computer-systems-interface\/#iSCSI_Initiator\" title=\"iSCSI Initiator\">iSCSI Initiator<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/learnsysadmin.com\/index.php\/knowledgebase\/iscsi-internet-small-computer-systems-interface\/#iSCSI_Target\" title=\"iSCSI Target\">iSCSI Target<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/learnsysadmin.com\/index.php\/knowledgebase\/iscsi-internet-small-computer-systems-interface\/#iSCSI_Qualified_Name_IQN\" title=\"iSCSI Qualified Name (IQN)\">iSCSI Qualified Name (IQN)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_iSCSI_%E2%80%93_Internet_Small_Computer_Systems_Interface\"><\/span>What is iSCSI &#8211; Internet Small Computer Systems Interface?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>iSCSI <\/strong>is a <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/learnsysadmin.com\/index.php\/knowledgebase\/transport-layer-4th-layer-in-osi-model\/\">Transport Layer<\/a> protocol<\/strong> that works over the <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/learnsysadmin.com\/index.php\/knowledgebase\/tcp-ip-transmission-control-protocol-internet-protocol\/\">TCP\/IP (Transmission Control Protocol\/Internet Protocol)<\/a><\/strong> suite.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Storage devices such as Hard Disks and USB drives connect directly to the desktops and laptops but not under iSCSI technology. The iSCSI technology separates the Storage devices from the Host Systems that access those storage devices.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">iSCSI Protocol facilitates data access requests from the Host Systems (iSCSI Initiator) to the Storage Devices (iSCSI Targets) and back. The iSCSI hosts (iSCSI Initiator) uses iSCSI commands to access the data residing on remote iSCSI storage devices (<strong>iSCSI Target<\/strong>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">iSCSI is a <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/learnsysadmin.com\/index.php\/knowledgebase\/san-storage-area-network\/\">Storage Area Networking (SAN)<\/a> protocol<\/strong> and defines how the <strong>data <\/strong>flows <strong>between<\/strong> <strong>host<\/strong> systems and <strong>storage devices<\/strong> which don&#8217;t have <strong>direct connection<\/strong> to the host system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">The iSCSI protocol basically carries <strong>SCSI commands over Standard Ethernet IP<\/strong> networks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>iSCSI<\/strong> supports <strong>Block-Level<\/strong> <strong>storage<\/strong>, i.e. the iSCSI storage devices store the data at Block-Level.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">In essence, <strong>iSCSI<\/strong> allows <strong>two hosts<\/strong> to <strong>negotiate<\/strong> and then <strong>exchange SCSI commands<\/strong> <strong>using<\/strong> Internet Protocol (<strong>IP<\/strong>) networks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Some SAN protocols require special cabling or connectivity devices but iSCSI doesn&#8217;t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Since iSCSI runs on top of TCP\/IP protocol, it <strong>can run<\/strong> smoothly <strong>using<\/strong> the <strong>existing IP Infrastructure<\/strong> in an organization.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">We can use iSCSI to <strong>transmit data over<\/strong> Local Area Network (<strong>LANs<\/strong>), Wide Area Networks (<strong>WANs<\/strong>). We can also <strong>enable location independent storage <\/strong>and <strong>retrieval of data<\/strong> by using iSCSI.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_iSCSI_%E2%80%93_Internet_Small_Computer_Systems_Interface_works\"><\/span>How iSCSI &#8211; Internet Small Computer Systems Interface works?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"iSCSI_%E2%80%93_Senders_Side\"><\/span>iSCSI &#8211; Sender&#8217;s Side<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">The <strong>application<\/strong> initiates an <strong>iSCSI request<\/strong> which goes to the <strong>Operating System<\/strong>. The Operating System <strong>generates<\/strong> an <strong>appropriate iSCSI command<\/strong> and <strong>data request<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">The operating system then <strong>encapsulates<\/strong> the <strong>command<\/strong> and <strong>data<\/strong> request and <strong>encrypted<\/strong>, <strong>if needed<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">The <strong>Session Layer<\/strong> adds a <strong>Packet Header<\/strong> to the <strong>encapsulated<\/strong> and <strong>encrypted<\/strong> (if applicable) data.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Once the Packet Header is added by the Session Layer, the <strong>resulting IP packets<\/strong> are <strong>transmitted<\/strong> over an ethernet connection.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"iSCSI_%E2%80%93_Receivers_Side\"><\/span>iSCSI &#8211; Receiver&#8217;s Side<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">On the receivers side, the iSCSI receiver decrypts, the IP Packet which it receives, if encrypted by the sender.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Once the receiver decrypts the IP Packet, it disassembles the IP Packet and separates SCSI commands and Data request.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">The <strong>SCSI commands<\/strong> are <strong>sent<\/strong> to the <strong>SCSI controller<\/strong>, and the <strong>SCSI controller<\/strong> sends the commands to the <strong>storage device<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Port_Number_used_by_iSCSI\"><\/span>Port Number used by iSCSI:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">By default, <strong>iSCSI<\/strong> uses TCP <strong>port 3260<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_are_the_Components_of_iSCSI_%E2%80%93_Internet_Small_Computer_Systems_Interface\"><\/span>What are the Components of iSCSI &#8211; Internet Small Computer Systems Interface?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"IP_Network\"><\/span>IP Network<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"iSCSI_Initiator\"><\/span>iSCSI Initiator<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">An <strong>iSCSI Initiator<\/strong> is a component <strong>present<\/strong> on the <strong>iSCSI client side<\/strong> that <strong>provides connectivity<\/strong> to the <strong>remote iSCSI Target<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">The <strong>iSCSI Initiator software<\/strong> is <strong>already present<\/strong> in <strong>Windows<\/strong> Operating System.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"iSCSI_Target\"><\/span>iSCSI Target<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"iSCSI_Qualified_Name_IQN\"><\/span>iSCSI Qualified Name (IQN)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-verse has-medium-font-size\">Follow the <strong>link mentioned below<\/strong> for more information about iSCSI from Microsoft:\n<a href=\"https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/training\/modules\/implement-windows-server-iscsi\/2-list-functionalities-components-use-cases\">https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/training\/modules\/implement-windows-server-iscsi\/2-list-functionalities-components-use-cases<\/a><\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This article will give you a brief overview of iSCSI &#8211; Internet Small Computer Systems Interface protocol, the way the protocol works and the most important components of the iSCSI protocol. What is iSCSI &#8211; Internet Small Computer Systems Interface? iSCSI is a Transport Layer protocol that works over the TCP\/IP (Transmission Control Protocol\/Internet Protocol) ..<\/p>\n<div class=\"clear-fix\"><\/div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/learnsysadmin.com\/index.php\/knowledgebase\/iscsi-internet-small-computer-systems-interface\/\" title=\"read more...\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","kbe_taxonomy":[7],"kbe_tags":[9,10,8],"class_list":["post-28","kbe_knowledgebase","type-kbe_knowledgebase","status-publish","hentry","kbe_taxonomy-protocols","kbe_tags-internet-protocol","kbe_tags-internet-small-computer-systems-interface","kbe_tags-iscsi"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>iSCSI - Internet Small Computer Systems Interface - Learn System Administration<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"iSCSI - Internet Small Computer Systems Interface, What is iSCSI, How iSCSI works, Components of iSCSI, Block-Level Storage with iSCSI\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/learnsysadmin.com\/index.php\/knowledgebase\/iscsi-internet-small-computer-systems-interface\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"iSCSI - Internet Small Computer Systems Interface - Learn System Administration\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"iSCSI - Internet Small Computer Systems Interface, What is iSCSI, How iSCSI works, Components of iSCSI, Block-Level Storage with iSCSI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/learnsysadmin.com\/index.php\/knowledgebase\/iscsi-internet-small-computer-systems-interface\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Learn System Administration\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-12-06T13:00:16+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/learnsysadmin.com\/index.php\/knowledgebase\/iscsi-internet-small-computer-systems-interface\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/learnsysadmin.com\/index.php\/knowledgebase\/iscsi-internet-small-computer-systems-interface\/\",\"name\":\"iSCSI - Internet Small Computer Systems Interface - Learn System Administration\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/learnsysadmin.com\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2023-01-28T13:48:28+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-12-06T13:00:16+00:00\",\"description\":\"iSCSI - Internet Small Computer Systems Interface, What is iSCSI, How iSCSI works, Components of iSCSI, Block-Level Storage with iSCSI\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/learnsysadmin.com\/index.php\/knowledgebase\/iscsi-internet-small-computer-systems-interface\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/learnsysadmin.com\/index.php\/knowledgebase\/iscsi-internet-small-computer-systems-interface\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/learnsysadmin.com\/index.php\/knowledgebase\/iscsi-internet-small-computer-systems-interface\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/learnsysadmin.com\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Knowledgebase\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/learnsysadmin.com\/index.php\/knowledgebase\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"iSCSI &#8211; 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